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Possible Future Baby Names

  1. Aislyn

    • Description:

      Aislyn is a feminine name of Irish and Gaelic origins, representing a modern Anglicized variation of Aisling (pronounced ASH-ling), which means 'dream' or 'vision' in Irish. The name emerged from the Irish poetic tradition where 'aisling' referred to a dream-vision poem, often featuring Ireland personified as a woman. The spelling variation with '-lyn' instead of '-ing' gives the name a contemporary feel while maintaining its Celtic roots. Aislyn began gaining modest popularity in English-speaking countries outside Ireland in the 1990s, appealing to parents seeking names with authentic Irish heritage but accessible pronunciation. The name carries a mystical, dreamy quality with its meaning, while its sound offers a gentle femininity that balances traditional roots with modern appeal.

  2. Arabella

    • Origin:

      Latin, Scottish

    • Meaning:

      "yielding to prayer; lovable"

    • Description:

      Arabella, lovely and elegant, has long been well used in Britain and finally made it onto the American list in 2005. A Top 50 choice in the UK, in the US in remains in the Top 300, given to around 1300 babies each year.
  3. Arden

    • Origin:

      English

    • Meaning:

      "valley of the eagle; high"

    • Description:

      Arden, the name of the magical forest in Shakespeare's As You Like It, is a stylish A name with a strong, straightforward image. Another reason to love Arden: its similarity to "ardent." Arden is solidly unisex, with the current gender distribution running about 60 percent girls and 40 percent boys.
  4. Arwen

    • Origin:

      Literature, Sindarin, Welsh

    • Meaning:

      "noble maiden; fair, blessed"

    • Description:

      Best known as the princess of the Elves in Tolkien's Lord of the Rings, Arwen is a fantasy-inspired choice that feels perfectly down to earth. In 2022, it entered the UK Top 400, making it one of the fastest rising names, more than doubling in use from the previous year.
  5. Aspen

    • Origin:

      Nature and place-name

    • Meaning:

      "a poplar tree that quakes in the breeze"

    • Description:

      As trendy as the chic Colorado ski resort, with a hint of whimsy from the shimmering trees, Aspen has been climbing the charts for boys since the early 90s. While it has always been more popular for girls, it could work for a boy too.
  6. August

    • Origin:

      Latin

    • Meaning:

      "majestic, venerable"

    • Description:

      Though associated traditionally (and fashionably) with boys, it has been used occasionally for girls as well – by Garth Brooks, Nicolas Cage, and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, for example. But August is used significantly more often for girls these days than traditional feminine variations Augusta and Augustina, and makes for a fresh twist on traditional month names like April and May, as well as an updated spin on season name Autumn.
  7. Avery

    • Origin:

      English

    • Meaning:

      "ruler of the elves"

    • Description:

      Avery is a hugely popular name in the US, especially for girls. But while nearly four times as many girls as boys are named Avery today Avery's popularity is starting to soften for girls while it continues to strengthen for boys.
  8. Alexa
    • Ariella
      • Audrey
        • Baxter

          • Origin:

            English occupational name

          • Meaning:

            "baker"

          • Description:

            An x makes any name cooler, so that Baxter has a bit more pizzazz than the original Baker. Baxter had some currency as a first name a century ago--it was on the popularity lists sporadically from 1880 till the 1920s, peaking at Number 515 in 1886-- which means it's just about due for a comeback. And we can see Bax as a worthy follow-up to Max and Jax.
        • Brennan

          • Origin:

            Irish

          • Meaning:

            "descendent of the sad one"

          • Description:

            Poised for popularity, Brennan is an Irish last name soft enough to borrow from the boys.
        • Brynna

          • Origin:

            Welsh

          • Meaning:

            "hill"

          • Description:

            You say Bryn, he says Bryana -- here's a name you might agree on.
        • Calla

          • Origin:

            Greek

          • Meaning:

            "beautiful"

          • Description:

            Calla is a botanical name that is much more distinctive than popular Lily or similar Callie. Rarely heard today, it did appear in the popularity lists in the last decades of the nineteenth century.
        • Camden

          • Origin:

            Scottish

          • Meaning:

            "winding valley"

          • Description:

            Newly popular boys' name could cross over in much the way the related Cameron has.
        • Cassia

          • Origin:

            Feminine form of Cassius or Greek

          • Meaning:

            "cinnamon"

          • Description:

            Cassia is related to the cassia tree, which has yellow flowers and produces a spice that can be a substitute for cinnamon. Keziah, the name of Job’s daughter in the Old Testament, derives from the name of the plant as well. Cassia also has ties to the Ancient Roman name Cassius, an Ancient Roman family name meaning "hollow."
        • Charlotte

          • Origin:

            French, feminine diminutive of Charles

          • Meaning:

            "free man"

          • Description:

            Charlotte, the name of the young Princess of Cambridge, is the latest classic name to join Sophia, Emma, Olivia, and Isabella at the top of the popularity list. It is now among the most popular girl names in many English-speaking and European countries.
        • Coralie

          • Origin:

            French from Latin

          • Meaning:

            "coral"

          • Description:

            Coralie is a French name not often heard here, though she's gaining some recognition via Neil Gaiman's similar sounding spooky and lovely children's book, Coraline. Other literary appearances: Coralie is the stage name of an actress in Balzac's Lost Illusions, and a French girl in an 1850 Thackeray novel.

            Coralie is currently very popular in French-speaking Quebec, and there is a contemporary French singer named Coralie Clement.

        • Calista
          • Cassandra
            • Declan

              • Origin:

                Irish, meaning unknown, possible "man of prayer"

              • Meaning:

                "man of prayer"

              • Description:

                Declan is the Anglicized form of the Irish name Deaglán. St. Declan was one of the first missionaries to bring Christianity to Ireland, preceding St. Patrick. Originally from Wales, he founded the monastery of Ardmore in Ireland.
            • Delaney

              • Origin:

                Irish

              • Meaning:

                "dark river"

              • Description:

                Cheerful but laidback, surname-style Delaney is derived from the Old Irish name Dubhshláine and has become a familiar choice for girls in recent decades. Nevertheless, it has also been used for boys since the early 1900s and was equally - though rarely - given to both, right up until the 1990s.
            • Delilah

              • Origin:

                Hebrew or Arabic

              • Meaning:

                "delicate"

              • Description:

                Melodic and lively, Delilah has cut itself (mostly) free from its treacherous past to become a contemporary favorite.
            • Dexter

              • Origin:

                Latin

              • Meaning:

                "dyer, right-handed"

              • Description:

                The jazzy, ultra-cool Dexter, like most names with an "x," has a lot of energy and dynamism.
            • Damian
              • Daphne
                • Elodie

                  • Origin:

                    French, variation of Alodia, German

                  • Meaning:

                    "foreign riches"

                  • Description:

                    The lyrical and melodious Elodie, a Nameberry favorite, is starting to rise through the US popularity charts for the first time since the 1880s. It's a uncommon member of the trending El- family of names, which includes Ella, Eloise, and Eleanor.
                • Eloise

                  • Origin:

                    French and English variation of Heloise

                  • Meaning:

                    "healthy; wide"

                  • Description:

                    Well balanced between sleek, sweet, strong, and vintage, newly chic Eloise re-entered the US Top 1000 in 2009, following a 50 year absence. In 2022, it broke into the Top 100 in the US and across the pond in the UK. Given to nearly 3000 babies each year, Eloise is showing no sign of stepping out of the spotlight.
                • Emmeline

                  • Origin:

                    Old French form of archaic German Amal

                  • Meaning:

                    "work"

                  • Description:

                    Emmeline is an Emma relative and Emily cousin that is destined for greater use in the wake of the megapopularity of those two names. A recommended Nameberry fave, Emmeline hopped onto the US Top 1000 in 2014 for the first time ever. While it is genuinely an old name, it was rarely used a century ago; only 17 baby girls were named Emmeline in 1915, the same number as were named Ernie!
                • Eva

                  • Origin:

                    Latin form of Eve, Hebrew

                  • Meaning:

                    "life"

                  • Description:

                    Eva is a simple, classic Hebrew name for girls that recently slipped out of the US Top 100 for the first time in more than a decade. Pronounced either like her more popular sister Ava or less popular sister Eve, Eva is one of the elite group of girl names that mean life.
                • Evanna
                  • Finn

                    • Origin:

                      Irish

                    • Meaning:

                      "fair or white"

                    • Description:

                      Finn is a name with enormous energy and charm, that of the greatest hero of Irish mythology, Finn MacCool (aka Fionn mac Cuumhaill), an intrepid warrior with mystical supernatural powers, noted as well for his wisdom and generosity.
                  • Flynn

                    • Origin:

                      Irish

                    • Meaning:

                      "descendant of the red-haired one"

                    • Description:

                      A winning last-name-first Celtic choice, Flynn is still mostly used for boys, such as the son of Orlando Bloom and Miranda Kerr. Though Flynn is definitely one of the Irish surname names, from Quinn to Flannery to Makenna, that makes one of the trendy boy names for girls".
                  • Felix
                    • Gemma

                      • Origin:

                        Italian, Catalonian, Spanish

                      • Meaning:

                        "precious stone"

                      • Description:

                        Gemma is a jewel of a name, an Italian classic that was very popular in 1980s England, but has only recently been started to be used here; it entered the list in 2008.
                    • Griffin

                      • Origin:

                        Welsh, variation of Griffith

                      • Meaning:

                        "strong lord"

                      • Description:

                        Griffin is one of the newer and most appealing of the two-syllable Celtic surnames. In English, griffin is the name of a mythological creature, half eagle, half lion. It re-entered the list in 1983 after an absence of 75+ years.
                    • Harlow

                      • Origin:

                        English surname

                      • Meaning:

                        "rock hill or army hill"

                      • Description:

                        Jean Harlow (born Harlean Carpenter), the original platinum blonde bombshell, was a symbol of 1930s glamour, a factor that first Patricia Arquette and then Nicole Richie and Joel Madden probably had in mind when they gave their daughters the distinctive surname name Harlow.
                    • Haven

                      • Origin:

                        Word name, English

                      • Meaning:

                        "a place of safety"

                      • Description:

                        Like Harbor, one of the new generation of word names with appealing meanings, though (female) memoirist Haven Kimmel has tipped it decidedly toward the girls' side.
                    • Hazel

                      • Origin:

                        English

                      • Meaning:

                        "the hazelnut tree"

                      • Description:

                        Hazel has a pleasantly hazy, brownish-green-eyed, old-fashioned image that more and more parents are choosing to share. Former Old Lady name Hazel reentered the popularity lists in 1998 and now is near the top of the charts.
                    • Helena
                      • Jessamine

                        • Origin:

                          English from Persian

                        • Meaning:

                          "jasmine"

                        • Description:

                          Jessamine, a charming name occasionally heard in England, is just beginning to be appreciated in the U.S. as a possible successor to all the Jess names of the past. It's also spelled Jessamyn, as in Quaker novelist Jessamyn West, author of Friendly Persuasion--who started life with Jessamyn as her middle name.
                      • Jude

                        • Origin:

                          Latin diminutive of Judith or variation of Judah, Hebrew

                        • Meaning:

                          "praised"

                        • Description:

                          Jude may be a popular boys' name, thanks to Jude Law, but boyish nicknames for girls - like Frankie and Teddy - are on trend and Jude is also a new way to spin Judy or Judith. It's long been used quietly for girls as well as boys, and may start to pick up steam.
                      • Juliet

                        • Origin:

                          English from Latin

                        • Meaning:

                          "youthful or sky father"

                        • Description:

                          One of the most romantic names, the lovely and stylish Juliet seems finally to have shaken off her limiting link to Romeo. In Shakespeare's play, it was Juliet who said "What's in a name?"
                      • Juniper

                        • Origin:

                          Latin tree name

                        • Meaning:

                          "young"

                        • Description:

                          Juniper is a fresh-feeling nature name -- it's a small evergreen shrub -- with lots of energy. A new favorite of fashionable parents, Juniper joins such other tree and shrub names as Hazel, Acacia, and Willow.
                      • Jolie
                        • Josiah
                          • Kara

                            • Origin:

                              Spelling variation of Cara or Norse mythology name

                            • Meaning:

                              "wild stormy one"

                            • Description:

                              Kara and the soundalike (though not necessarily related) Cara are among the most multi-cultural names around. Cara has roots in Latin, Italian, Irish, Spanish, and Portuguese, and Kara can be viewed as simply as K-starting version of Cara.
                          • Kellen

                            • Origin:

                              German; Irish

                            • Meaning:

                              "swamp; slender"

                            • Description:

                              Kellen is German in origin and Irish in spirit. Kellen has fallen a bit in popularity for boys since its peak in 2012, but it has possibilities for girls too. In fact, Kellen's similarity to such feminine names as Helen, Ellen, and Kelly makes it feel more unisex or even female, though Twilight actor Kellan Lutz has done much to popularize this name for boys.
                          • Kendall

                            • Origin:

                              English

                            • Meaning:

                              "valley of the river Kent"

                            • Description:

                              Kendall, as used for a girl, was initially propelled by a soap opera character (Sarah Michelle Gellar as Kendall Hart in All My Children) and reality star and Kardashian sister Kendall Jenner.
                          • Kieran

                            • Origin:

                              Irish

                            • Meaning:

                              "little black-haired one"

                            • Description:

                              Long popular in Ireland and England, Kieran, the name of Ireland's first-born saint and twenty-five other saints, has been building its U.S. fan base thanks to its strong and attractive sound, and its fashionable Irish brogue. While Ciaran is the more authentic Irish spelling, Kieran is more popular this side of the Atlantic.
                          • Knox
                            • Lennox

                              • Origin:

                                Scottish

                              • Meaning:

                                "elm grove"

                              • Description:

                                Lennox is one of the new breed of surname names on the rise as a Scottish name for girls as well as boys. The final x makes the name a bit masculine a la Max and Felix, but female inspirations include Eurythmics' Annie Lennox, Mary Lennox in The Secret Garden, and Lennox Scanlon in sitcom Melissa & Joey.
                            • Luna

                              • Origin:

                                Latin

                              • Meaning:

                                "moon"

                              • Description:

                                The name of the Roman goddess of the moon, Luna is derived straight from the Latin word for moon, luna. Luna may be the name most likely to surprise someone from an older generation by its Top 10 status in the US and its widespread international popularity.
                            • Lyla

                              • Origin:

                                Spelling variation of Lila, Arabic

                              • Meaning:

                                "night"

                              • Description:

                                The Lyla spelling variation has now superseded the original Lila — the former remains on the rise while the latter is consistently falling in popularity.
                            • Leora
                              • Lily
                                • Lyra
                                  • Micah

                                    • Origin:

                                      Hebrew

                                    • Meaning:

                                      "who is like the Lord"

                                    • Description:

                                      Traditionally a boys’ name, now increasingly used for girls too, Micah has the potential to be an alternative for Michaela, Mia, or Maia. If you'd prefer something more established as a feminine name, you could try Micaiah, a unisex name from which Micah derives, or the German variant of Mary, Meike, which is pronounced the same. Micah had been in the US Top 1000 since the 1980s, but recently dropped off in 2022. Nevertheless, over 200 girls are still called Micah each year and with increased interest in gender neutral names, it could well be back in 2023. Notable namesakes include Canadian ice hockey player Micah Zandee-Hart, singer Micah Marah, and Olympic swimmer Micah Lawrence Sumrall.
                                  • Mila

                                    • Origin:

                                      Slavic, Russian

                                    • Meaning:

                                      "gracious; dear"

                                    • Description:

                                      Mila is a popular name that took a 125 year nap, ranking in the Top 1000 in 1881 and then not ranking again until 2006, after actress Mila Kunis appeared on That 70s Show.
                                  • Milo

                                    • Origin:

                                      Latin and Old German

                                    • Meaning:

                                      "soldier or merciful"

                                    • Description:

                                      Milo is most commonly considered to be Germanic name derived from the Latin word miles, meaning "soldier." However, there is evidence to suggest it also may have independently spawned from the Slavic root milu, meaning "merciful." Milo predates brother name Miles, a variation that evolved when the name immigrated to the British Isles in the Middle Ages. Mylo is an alternate spelling.
                                  • Maeve
                                    • Maren
                                      • Nova

                                        • Origin:

                                          Latin

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "new"

                                        • Description:

                                          Nova has the feel of both newness, from its meaning, and great energy as an astronomical term for a star that increases suddenly in brightness before fading.
                                      • Oren

                                        • Origin:

                                          Hebrew

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "laurel or pine tree"

                                        • Description:

                                          Soft and sensitive name often heard in Israel.
                                      • Paige

                                        • Origin:

                                          English, occupational name

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "page to a lord"

                                        • Description:

                                          Paige is more name, and less word than the occupational Page. Paige is also sleek and sophisticated a la Brooke and Blair and reached as high as Number 47 in 2003, when there was a very popular television show, Trading Spaces, hosted by the energetic Paige Davis.
                                      • Paisley

                                        • Origin:

                                          Scottish

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "church, cemetery"

                                        • Description:

                                          Taken from a Scottish town, a Scots surname, and the name of an intricately patterned fabric, Paisley means "church" or "cemetery." It ranks highly for girls and is in US Top 100. It may feel a little swirly to ever catch on for boys, but with gentle names like Rowan, Teddy, Casey, Emery, and Trace rising in the US, and Hadley, Oakley, McKenzie, and Presley ranking in the UK, Paisley might one day be considered for any gender. Paisley Currah, a political scientist, professor, author and advocate for transgender rights, is a notable bearer of the name.
                                      • Penelope

                                        • Origin:

                                          Greek

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "weaver"

                                        • Description:

                                          Penelope is an unlikely 21st century baby name success story. Off the Top 1000 for 25 years, Penelope jumped back on in 2001 and has been heading uphill ever since, propelled by the trend for mythological names, Spanish actress Penelope Cruz, and some high-profile celebrity babies.
                                      • Phoebe

                                        • Origin:

                                          Greek

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "radiant, shining one"

                                        • Description:

                                          Phoebe is the Latin variation of the Greek name Phoibe, which derived from phoibos, meaning "bright." In classical mythology, Phoebe is the by-name of Artemis, goddess of the moon and of hunting. The masculine version of Phoebe is Phoebus.
                                      • Pierce

                                        • Origin:

                                          English

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "son of Piers"

                                        • Description:

                                          Actor Pierce Brosnan brings a strong helping of charm to this name. Pierce was actually a popular name long before Mr. Brosnan came along, from 1880 to the end of the 1930s.
                                      • Quentin

                                        • Origin:

                                          Latin

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "fifth"

                                        • Description:

                                          Quentin, an offbeat name with lots of character, relates to the Latin for the number five and is by far the subtlest and most usable of the Latin birth-order names, masculine as well as stylish and distinctive. It was borne by a third-century saint and came to England with the Normans.
                                      • Quinlan

                                        • Origin:

                                          Irish

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "descendant of Caoinlean, slender "

                                        • Description:

                                          An Irish last-name-first-name that could make a child feel distinctive, while still having the regular guy nickname of Quinn. Christine Taylor and Ben Stiller spelled their son's name Quinlin.
                                      • Quinn

                                        • Origin:

                                          Irish

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "descendant of Conn, chief leader, intelligence"

                                        • Description:

                                          Quinn is an engaging Celtic surname that is still on the rise for girls but beginning to flag for boys. As a female name, Quinn is in the Top 100, used for over 3000 baby girls last year, but toward the bottom of the Top 500 for boys, given to 700 baby boys.
                                      • Reese

                                        • Origin:

                                          Welsh

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "ardor"

                                        • Description:

                                          The sassy, steel magnolia appeal of Oscar-winning Reese (born Laura Jeanne—Reese is her mother's maiden name) Witherspoon has single-handedly propelled this formerly boys’ name into girls' popularity.
                                      • Rhys

                                        • Origin:

                                          Welsh

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "ardor"

                                        • Description:

                                          There's Rhys and there's Reese (now more popular for girls) and there's Reece, and we particularly like the traditional Welsh spelling, which entered the list in 2004, possibly influenced by Jonathan Rhys Meyers, of The Tudors, and Welsh-born actor Rhys Ifans.
                                      • Ruby

                                        • Origin:

                                          Hebrew

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "behold, a son"

                                        • Description:

                                          Ruby could be a short form of the Biblical name Reuben and especially its streamlined form, Ruben. As a gemstone name, it's currently enjoying a fresh boom of popularity for girls – nearing the US Top 50 for the first time in almost a century.
                                      • Ryder

                                        • Origin:

                                          British surname

                                        • Meaning:

                                          "cavalryman, messenger"

                                        • Description:

                                          Ryder, one of the current favorite er-ending boys’ names, has been in the spotlight since Kate Hudson and her rocker husband Chris Robinson chose it for their son in 2004. Very popular in several provinces of Canada, Ryder was chosen by John Leguzamo for his son and adorns Boy Meets World star Ryder Strong.
                                      • Rhett
                                        • Sawyer

                                          • Origin:

                                            English

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "woodcutter"

                                          • Description:

                                            Sawyer is a surname with a more relaxed and friendly feel than many others, and is one of the hottest occupational names right now, with the Nameberry seal of approval. Sawyer is becoming one of the top unisex names. Both Sara Gilbert and Diane Farr used Sawyer for their daughters, while it was given a boost as a boys' name by the character Sawyer on Lost, an alias for the character really named James Ford.
                                        • Scarlett

                                          • Origin:

                                            English

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "scarlet, red"

                                          • Description:

                                            Scarlett Johansson is doing more for this sparky southern name than Scarlett O'Hara ever did. Since the turn of the 21st century, Scarlett has gone from an obscure literary name to one of the most popular girls' names starting with S, right after longtime favorites Sophia and Sofia.
                                        • Stella

                                          • Origin:

                                            Latin

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "star"

                                          • Description:

                                            Stella is a name with star quality and sparkle, that manages to sound both ethereal and earthy. Celestial but not otherworldly, it lands somewhere between the popular Ella and bold Seraphina.
                                        • Stellen

                                          • Origin:

                                            Swedish, variation of Stellan, meaning unknown

                                          • Description:

                                            More usually spelled Stellan, this is a possible up-and-comer, known through actor Stellan Skarsgard and his namesake, the son of Jennifer Connelly and Paul Bettany.
                                        • Thatcher

                                          • Origin:

                                            English occupational name

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "roof thatcher"

                                          • Description:

                                            Thatcher is an open and friendly freckle-faced surname, fresher sounding than Tyler or Taylor, that dates back to the days of thatched-roof cottages. It is catching on with modern parents—it reached the US Top 1000 for the first time in 2013.
                                        • Tucker

                                          • Origin:

                                            English occupational name

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "fabric pleater"

                                          • Description:

                                            Tucker has more spunk than most last-name-first-names, and also a positive, comforting ("Tuck me in, Mommy") feel.
                                        • Weston

                                          • Origin:

                                            English

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "western town"

                                          • Description:

                                            Weston has gone from being a Jane Austenish British surname to a first name with a relaxed American western cowboy feel. Along with other trendy 'n'-ending boys’ names, Weston is rising in popularity, and is now more popular than ever, ranking in the Top 100 since 2021.
                                        • Willow

                                          • Origin:

                                            English nature name

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "willow tree"

                                          • Description:

                                            An ancient tree that figures in literature from Shakespeare to Harry Potter and is believed to possess magical powers, Willow is a lovely name, as graceful as its inspiration.
                                        • Wren

                                          • Origin:

                                            English

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "small bird"

                                          • Description:

                                            Wren, a lilting songbird name, could be the next Robin. Wren entered the Top 1000 for the first time in 2012 and is among the new wave of popular English names for girls.
                                        • Zadie

                                          • Origin:

                                            English variation of Sadie

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "princess"

                                          • Description:

                                            When aspiring British writer Sadie Smith decided to change her name to the more distinctive and zippy Zadie at the age of fourteen, this attention-magnet name was born. But though it might sound like a modern initial-switch, Zadie was actually Number 539 in 1881, remaining in the Top 1000 for almost thirty years.
                                        • Zoey

                                          • Origin:

                                            Spelling variation of Zoe

                                          • Meaning:

                                            "life"

                                          • Description:

                                            Zoey is a modern spelling variation of Zoe, the Greek Jewish translation of Eve. For a few years, it was even more popular than the original Zoe, but has now dropped back to the second ranked spelling.